Ethyl alcohol threshold test: a fast, reliable and affordable olfactory Assessment tool for COVID-19 patients

被引：18

作者：

Calvo-Henriquez, Christian ^{[1
,2
]}

Maldonado-Alvarado, Byron ^{[1
,2
]}

Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos ^{[1
,3
]}

Rivero-Fernandez, Irene ^{[1
,4
]}

Sanz-Rodriguez, Marta ^{[4
]}

Maria Villarreal, Ithzel ^{[5
]}

Rodriguez-Iglesias, Miguel ^{[6
]}

Marino-Sanchez, Franklin ^{[7
]}

Rivero-de-Aguilar, Alejandro ^{[8
]}

Lechien, Jerome R. ^{[1
,9
]}

Martinez-Capoccioni, Gabriel ^{[1
,2
]}

Saussez, Sven ^{[10
]}

Capasso, Robson ^{[11
]}

Karkos, Petros D. ^{[1
,12
]}

Schriever, Valentin ^{[13
]}

Martin-Martin, Carlos ^{[2
]}

Alobid, Isam ^{[14
]}

Santamaria-Gadea, Alfonso ^{[7
]}

Fragola, Claudio ^{[7
]}

Mayo-Yanez, Miguel ^{[1
,15
]}

Perez-Freixo, Hugo ^{[16
]}

Ninchritz-Becerra, Elisabeth ^{[3
]}

Soriano-Reixach, Maria ^{[3
]}

Mondragon-Rezola, Elisabeth ^{[17
]}

Martinez Ruiz-Coello, Maria del Mar ^{[5
]}

Andres Navarro, Raimundo ^{[5
]}

Garcia-Fernandez, Alfredo ^{[4
]}

Marchan-Lopez, Alvaro ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Int Federat Otorhinolaryngol Soc YO IFOS Study Gr, Paris, France

[2] Hosp Complex Santiago de Compostela, Serv Otolaryngol, Dept Otolaryngol, Travesia Choupana S-N, Santiago De Compostela 15706, Spain

[3] Donostia Univ Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, San Sebastian, Spain

[4] Hosp 12 Octubre, Dept Otolaryngol, Madrid, Spain

[5] Univ Hosp Fuenlabrada, Dept Otolaryngol, Madrid, Spain

[6] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Coll Med, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

[7] Ramon y Cajal Univ Hosp, Otorhinolaryngol Dept, Rhinol & Skull Base Surg Unit, Madrid, Spain

[8] Gen Hosp La Palma, Dept Neurol, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain

[9] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, Paris Saclay Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg,Foch Hosp,UFR S, Paris, France

[10] Univ Mons UMons, Fac Med, Dept Human Anat & Expt Oncol, UMONS Res Inst Hlth Sci & Technol, Mons, Belgium

[11] Stanford Hosp & Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Stanford, CA USA

[12] AHEPA Univ Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1, Thessaloniki, Greece

[13] Tech Univ, Med Fak Carl Gustav Carus, Klin & Poliklin Kinder & Jugendmed, Abt Neuropadiatrie, Dresden, Germany

[14] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Otolaryngol, Skull Base Unite, Ciberes,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

[15] Univ Hosp La Coruna, Dept Otolaryngol, La Coruna, Spain

[16] Hosp Complex Santiago de Compostela, Serv Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

[17] Donostia Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, San Sebastian, Spain

来源：

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY | 2020年 / 277卷 / 10期

关键词：

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Olfaction; Sniff test; Olfactory impairment; DYSFUNCTION;

D O I：

10.1007/s00405-020-06131-3

中图分类号：

R76 [耳鼻咽喉科学];

学科分类号：

100213 ;

摘要：

Objective COVID-19 patients may present mild symptoms. The identification of paucisymptomatic patients is paramount in order to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus. Olfactory loss could be one of those early symptoms which might help in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. In this study, we aim to develop and validate a fast, inexpensive, reliable and easy-to-perform olfactory test for the screening of suspected COVID-19 patients. Study design Phase I was a case-control study and Phase II a transversal descriptive study. Subjects and methods Olfaction was assessed with the ethyl alcohol threshold test and symptoms with visual analogue scales. The study was designed in two phases: In Phase I, we compared confirmed COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. In Phase II, patients with suspected COVID-19 infection referred for testing were studied. Results 275 participants were included in Phase I, 135 in Phase II. The ROC curve showed an AUC of 0.749 in Phase I, 0.737 in Phase II. The cutoff value which offered the highest amount of correctly classified patients was >= 2 (10% alcohol) for all age intervals. The odds ratio was 8.19 in Phase I, 6.56 in Phase II with a 75% sensitivity. When cases report normal sense of smell (VAS < 4), it misdiagnoses 57.89% of patients detected by the alcohol threshold test. Conclusion The olfactory loss assessed with the alcohol threshold test has shown high sensitivity and odds ratio in both patients with confirmed COVID-19 illness and participants with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection.

引用

页码：2783 / 2792

页数：10

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