Applications of ultrasound to the synthesis of nanoscale metal-organic coordination polymers

The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of sonochemical synthesis of crystalline metal-organic coordination polymers (MOCPs), i.e., the chemistry that takes place in the application of high-energy ultrasound to a reaction mixture of organic ligands and metal cations. Recent advances in nanostructured MOCPs have been led by the development of new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology, and nano/microstructure. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound offers a facile, environmentally friendly, and versatile synthetic tool for these nanostructured materials that are often unavailable by conventional methods. By focusing on recent advances, this article covers the sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured metal complexes, including mononuclear complexes, one-, two-, and three-dimensional coordination/supramolecular polymers (CPs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.