Distributed user interfaces for clinical ubiquitous computing applications

Objectives: Ubiquitous computing with multiple interaction devices requires new interface models that support user-specific modifications to applications and facilitate the fast development of active workspaces. Methods: We have developed NOSTOS, a computer-augmented work environment for clinical personnel to explore new user interface paradigms for ubiquitous computing. NOSTOS uses several devices such as digital pens, an active desk, and walk-up displays that allow the system to track documents and activities in the workplace. Results: We present the distributed user interface (DUI) model that allows standalone applications to distribute their user interface components to several devices dynamically at run-time. This mechanism permit clinicians to develop their own user interfaces and forms to clinical information systems to match their specific needs. We discuss the underlying technical concepts of DUIs and show how service discovery, component distribution, events and layout management are dealt with in the NOSTOS system. Conclusion: Our results suggest that DUIs - and similar network-based user interfaces - wilt be a prerequisite of future mobile user interfaces and essential to develop clinical multi-device environments. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.