Mycorrhiza mutants of Lotus japonicus define genetically independent steps during symbiotic infection

Four nodulation mutants of Lotus japonicus affected in three different genetic loci blocked infection by Glomus intraradices within rhizodermal cells where abnormal deformations of hyphae occurred, Rare successful infections led to the formation of arbuscules. The affected plant genes are therefore essential during the early infection process, but are dispensable for later developmental stages.