Total least squares phased averaging and 3-D ESPRIT for joint azimuth-elevation-carrier estimation

The method of total least squares (TLS) phased averaging for high-performance subspace fitting in the three-dimensional (3-D) case of spectral estimation with 3-D ESPRIT is introduced and applied to the joint azimuth-elevation-carrier estimation problem with two-dimensional (2-D) uniform rectangular arrays, The method is highly efficient computationally and is suitable for large arrays, Detailed computer experiments and comparisons are provided. For a 16 x 16 array of sensors and heavy noise, TLS phased-averaging 3-D ESPRIT exceeds the recently introduced 3-D TLS unitary ESPRIT estimator by 300% in rmse performance.