Issues related to curvilinear mesh generation are addressed. Curvilinear mesh geometry representation in the context of high-order finite element formulations and its impact on mesh validity is discussed. Specific criteria and associated mathematical relations are derived to ensure validity of meshes of quadratic simplices. An iterative algorithm for curving stright-edges meshes is described. Example curvilinear meshes of complex geometries obtained using this algorithm are included to show the validity of the presented approach. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.