Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Schizophrenia

Introduction To determine the 1-year and 3-year adherence rates with Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy in patients with schizophrenia compared to matched controls. Methods A case-control retrospective analysis was performed in a Veterans Affairs hospital. All symptomatic patients with schizophrenia ever started on PAP therapy between 2007 and 2015 were compared with controls matched for severity of sleep apnea based on AHI, BMI, and age at the time of diagnosis. Results Total number of subjects in both groups was 39. Mean AHI among cases and controls was 27.63 +/- 22.16 and 33.59 +/- 44.04 (p = 0.32), mean BMI was 34.91 +/- 5.87 and 33.92 +/- 5.21 (p = 0.43), and mean age at diagnosis was 53.6 +/- 11.75 and 55.97 +/- 11.92 (p = 0.36), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in PAP use between patients with schizophrenia and controls at 1-year (percent days device use > 4 h-36.43% +/- 31.41 vs. 49.09% +/- 38.76; p = 0.17) and 3-year (percent days device use > 4 h-42.43 +/- 35.50 vs. 60.53 +/- 38.56; p = 0.089) visits Conclusions PAP adherence and usage is not significantly different among patients with schizophrenia compared to matched controls. Therefore, schizophrenia does not appear to influence CPAP compliance.