The self-assembled structures formed through hydrogen bonding interaction of block copolymers in polymeric materials are interesting materials because of their potential applications in biomedicine, nanopatterning and photonics, taking advantage of their responsive and tunable properties. In this review, we discuss the self-assembled nanostructures that can be obtained from hydrogen-bonded diblock copolymer/homopolymer (A-b-B/C) and diblock copolymer (A-b-B/C-b-D) mixtures in the bulk and how these block copolymer mixtures can then be used to synthesize mesoporous silica, phenolic and carbon materials. (c) 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.