Detection of the Temporal Variation of the Sun's Cosmic Ray Shadow with the IceCube Detector

被引：13

作者：

Aartsen, M. G. ^{[1
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[2
]}

Adams, J. ^{[1
]}

Aguilar, J. A. ^{[3
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[4
]}

Ahrens, M. ^{[5
,6
]}

Altmann, D. ^{[7
]}

Andeen, K. ^{[8
]}

Anderson, T. ^{[9
]}

Ansseau, I. ^{[3
]}

Anton, G. ^{[7
]}

Arguelles, C. ^{[10
]}

Auffenberg, J. ^{[11
]}

Axani, S. ^{[10
]}

Backes, P. ^{[11
]}

Bagherpour, H. ^{[1
]}

Bai, X. ^{[12
]}

Barbano, A. ^{[13
]}

Barron, J. P. ^{[14
]}

Barwick, S. W. ^{[15
]}

Baum, V. ^{[16
]}

Bay, R. ^{[17
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[18
,19
,20
]}

Tjus, J. Becker ^{[21
]}

Becker, K. -H. ^{[22
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[23
]}

Berley, D. ^{[24
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[2
]}

Besson, D. Z. ^{[25
]}

Binder, G. ^{[17
,26
]}

Bindig, D. ^{[22
]}

Blaufuss, E. ^{[24
]}

Blot, S. ^{[2
]}

Bohm, C. ^{[5
,6
]}

Borner, M. ^{[27
]}

Bos, F. ^{[21
]}

Boser, S. ^{[16
]}

Botner, O. ^{[28
]}

Bourbeau, E. ^{[4
]}

Bourbeau, J. ^{[29
,30
]}

Bradascio, F. ^{[2
]}

Braun, J. ^{[29
,30
]}

Bretz, H. -P. ^{[2
]}

Bron, S. ^{[13
]}

Brostean-Kaiser, J. ^{[2
]}

Burgman, A. ^{[28
]}

Busse, R. S. ^{[29
,30
]}

Carver, T. ^{[13
]}

Chen, C. ^{[31
,32
]}

Cheung, E. ^{[24
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

[2] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[3] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[4] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[5] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[6] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[7] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[8] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[9] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[10] MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[11] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[12] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Phys Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA

[13] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, Geneva, Switzerland

[14] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

[15] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[16] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

[17] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[18] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[19] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[20] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[21] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astronomie, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[22] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

[23] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

[24] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[25] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[26] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[27] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[28] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[29] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[30] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[31] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[32] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[33] SNOLAB, 1039 Reg Rd 24,Creighton Mine 9, Lively, ON P3Y 1N2, Canada

[34] Westfal Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany

[35] VUB, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[36] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[37] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[38] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[39] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[40] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[41] Humboldt Univ, Inst Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[42] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea

[43] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA

[44] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[45] Univ Munich, Phys Dept Tech, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[46] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[47] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan

[48] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[49] Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[50] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2019年 / 872卷 / 02期

关键词：

cosmic rays; ISM: magnetic fields; Moon; Sun: activity; sunspots; ANGULAR RESOLUTION; MOON;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/aaffd1

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report on the observation of a deficit in the cosmic ray flux from the directions of the Moon and Sun with five years of data taken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Between 2010 May and 2011 May the IceCube detector operated with 79 strings deployed in the glacial ice at the South Pole, and with 86 strings between 2011 May and 2015 May. A binned analysis is used to measure the relative deficit and significance of the cosmic ray shadows. Both the cosmic ray Moon and Sun shadows are detected with high statistical significance (> 10 sigma) for each year. The results for the Moon shadow are consistent with previous analyses and verify the stability of the IceCube detector over time. This work represents the first observation of the Sun shadow with the IceCube detector. We show that the cosmic ray shadow of the Sun varies with time. These results make it possible to study cosmic ray transport near the Sun with future data from IceCube.

引用

页数：12

共 22 条

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