Fetal ovarian cysts. Our clinical experience over 16 cases and review of the literature

Objective. Fetal ovarian cysts are intra-abdominal structures frequently diagnosed prenatally, tending to present as isolated unilateral lesions in normal fetuses in the third trimester. These cysts may present with complications and their diameter and echogenicity are the main criteria for establishing their prognosis. Spontaneous regression of fetal ovarian cysts is very usual. In the present study, we present our clinical experience on fetal ovarian cyst surveillance and treatment, as well as a review of the literature in the same field. Material and method. In this study, we reviewed pre- and postnatal medical records and ultrasonography of 16 fetuses that were diagnosed with ovarian cysts, in Obstetrics Department of University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, between January 2000 and April 2010. We have also reviewed the available literature about fetal ovarian cysts. Results. In a total of 16 cases, postnatal surgery was performed in one infant due to ovarian cyst torsion. In the remaining 15 cases, cysts regressed completely in two fetuses during pregnancy and all the rest of the cysts, including four complex ones, resolved spontaneously after birth. Conclusions. When fetal ovarian cysts are detected, they should be followed up by serial ultrasonographic examinations. The majority of them will regress spontaneously in a period of 12 months after birth, independent of their sonographic findings. Only symptomatic cysts or cysts with a diameter > 5 cm, which do not regress or enlarge, should be treated.