KATP channels and MPTP are involved in the cardioprotection bestowed by chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in the developing rat

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the cardioprotection bestowed by chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in developing rats. Neonatal male rats were subjected to CIHH treatments that simulated an altitude of 3000 m a.s.l. for 28 days (CIHH28) and 42 days (CIHH42), respectively, or no treatment (control). The left ventricular function of isolated hearts was evaluated. The ultra-microstructure, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total anti-oxidation capacity (TAC) of the myocardium were determined. The basic left ventricular function remained unchanged in CIHH rats, except for an increased coronary flow. The recovery of cardiac function from I/R, however, was much better in CIHH rats than in control rats. Compared to control rats, CIHH rats had much higher SOD levels and TAC, and the ultra-microstructure damage to mitochondria was considerably less. The cardiac protection of CIHH was canceled out by glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel, 5-hydroxydecanoate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial K-ATP (mitoK(ATP)), and atractyloside, an opener of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). To the contrary, diazoxide, an opener of mitoK(ATP), and cyclosporin A, a blocker of MPTP opening, induced cardioprotection in control rats. These results suggest that CIHH protects the heart against I/R injury in developing rats through opening of the K-ATP channel and inhibiting of opening of the MPTP.