ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Outcomes: A United States Nationwide Emergency Departments Cohort Study

Background: Literature regarding trends in incidence and mortality of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in emergency departments (EDs) is limited. Objective: To study the trends of incidence and mortality of STEMI. Methods: Using the National Emergency Department Sample database in the United States, we identified all ED encounters for patients presenting with STEMI using International Classification of Diseases codes. A linear p-trend was used to assess the trends. Results: Out of the 973 million ED encounters represented, 641,762 (65/100,000; mean age 69 [59-811 years, 35.8% female) adult patients were recorded with STEMI. Among the major complications associated with STEMI, a total of 49,401 (7.7%) had cardiac complications, which included acute heart failure (n = 9361, 1.6 %), ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (n = 12,267, 1.91 %), conduction block (n = 20,165, 3.1%), and cardiogenic shock (n = 7608, 1.2 %). There were 5675 (0.9 %) patients recorded with cerebrovascular events, which included acute ischemic stroke among 5205 (0.8%) patients and 470 (0.1%) with transient ischemic attack. Acute kidney injury was recorded for 10,082 (1.6 %) patients. The trend for incidence of STEMI in the ED had decreased from 7.76/10,000 in 2011 to 4.07/10,000 in 2018 (linear p-trend 0.0006). However, the yearly mortality of STEMI related to ED encounters had remained relatively steady: 7.56% in 2011 to 7.50% in 2018 (linear p-trend 0.2364). Conclusion: Despite the fact that the number of patients presenting to the ED with STEMI has been decreasing, the mortality trends have remained steady. Further research of in-hospital STEMI may yield opportunities to reduce the risk of complications, improve patient outcomes and decrease health care burden. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.