Phytoremediation of the herbicide trifloxysulfuron-sodium by different populacional densities of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L). DC.)

This study aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation of the herbicide trifloxysulfuron-sodium in field, by Canavalia ensiformis cultivated in different populacional density. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four sowing densities (0; 8; 20; and 32 plants m(-2)) and two rates of trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0.00 and 15.00 g ha(-1)). Five days after soil preparation trifloxysulfuron-sodium was applied, before C. ensiformis sowing, which was kept for 65 days in the area. After this time the experimental area was furrowed, fertilized and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Vermelho Coimbra), specie sensitive to trifloxysulfuron-sodium, was cultivated. After 45 days of bean sowing, plant height and shoot dry biomass were evaluated and at the end of final cycle, grain yield, number of pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds, were determinated. Prior cultivation of C. ensiformis at densities of 8, 20 or 32 plants m(-2) promoted herbicide remediation. The minimal of 20 plants m(-2) of C. ensiformis provides the highest grain yield.