Comparative Postoperative Outcomes of Rezum Prostate Ablation in Patients with Large Versus Small Glands

Introduction:Rezum water vapor thermal ablation is a new minimally invasive technique used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Major advantages include minimal anesthesia and recovery time, low rate of sexual side effects, and durable clinical improvement. However, data are lacking regarding use of Rezum in prostate glands >80 cc. Here we seek to examine the clinical outcomes of men with large prostate glands following Rezum. Patients and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent Rezum therapy at our institution since July 2017. Three-month postoperative outcomes were analyzed, including American Urological Association symptom score (AUASS), peak flow, and postvoid residual (PVR). Complications, including hematuria and urinary tract infections, were also assessed. All statistical analyses were conducted using RStudio 1.2.1335. Results:One hundred eighty-two patients undergoing Rezum were identified, of whom 25.8% had prostate volume >80 cc. Mean gland volume in this group was 119 cc and 55.3% were catheter dependent. Following Rezum, statistically significant improvement was seen in AUASS from 22 to 13.4 (p = 0.04) and PVR from 305 to 149 cc (0.05). Statistically significant improvement was seen in peak flow rate from 7.7 to 12.7 mL/second (p = 0.002). In a subset of catheter-dependent patients, the postoperative catheter-free rate was 83% for men with glands >80 cc, which was comparable with 88% in the smaller gland group. Postoperative complication rate was not significantly different between large or small glands. Conclusions:In our experience, Rezum is efficacious in patients with glands >80 cc. Patients experience symptomatic and objective improvement in voiding parameters that is comparable with patients with glands smaller than 80 cc. Among catheter-dependent patients with glands >80 cc, over 80% are catheter free after Rezum. Our experience supports the consideration of Rezum in patients with prostate glands >80 cc; further studies are warranted to confirm long-term outcomes.