Breeding of Vegetable Cowpea for Nutrition and Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

被引:31
作者
Mekonnen, Tesfaye Walle [1 ]
Gerrano, Abe Shegro [2 ,3 ]
Mbuma, Ntombokulunga Wedy [1 ]
Labuschagne, Maryke Tine [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Free State, Dept Plant Sci, ZA-9301 Bloemfontein, South Africa
[2] Agr Res Council Vegetable Ind & Med Plants, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa
[3] North West Univ, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Food Secur & Safety Focus Area, ZA-2735 Mmabatho, South Africa
来源
PLANTS-BASEL | 2022年 / 11卷 / 12期
关键词
climate change; cowpea; food; gene pyramiding; nutrition security; speed breeding; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA L; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; SALT TOLERANCE; GERMPLASM LINES; AGRO-ECOLOGIES; FOOD SECURITY; ORPHAN CROPS; LEAF SIZE; RESISTANCE; GENOTYPES;
D O I
10.3390/plants11121583
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Currently, the world population is increasing, and humanity is facing food and nutritional scarcity. Climate change and variability are a major threat to global food and nutritional security, reducing crop productivity in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. Cowpea has the potential to make a significant contribution to global food and nutritional security. In addition, it can be part of a sustainable food system, being a genetic resource for future crop improvement, contributing to resilience and improving agricultural sustainability under climate change conditions. In malnutrition prone regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, cowpea has become a strategic dryland legume crop for addressing food insecurity and malnutrition. Therefore, this review aims to assess the contribution of cowpea to SSA countries as a climate-resilient crop and the existing production challenges and perspectives. Cowpea leaves and immature pods are rich in diverse nutrients, with high levels of protein, vitamins, macro and micronutrients, minerals, fiber, and carbohydrates compared to its grain. In addition, cowpea is truly a multifunctional crop for maintaining good health and for reducing non-communicable human diseases. However, as a leafy vegetable, cowpea has not been researched and promoted sufficiently because it has not been promoted as a food security crop due to its low yield potential, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses, quality assurance issues, policy regulation, and cultural beliefs (it is considered a livestock feed). The development of superior cowpea as a leafy vegetable can be approached in different ways, such as conventional breeding and gene stacking, speed breeding, mutation breeding, space breeding, demand-led breeding, a pan-omics approach, and local government policies. The successful breeding of cowpea genotypes that are high-yielding with a good nutritional value as well as having resistance to biotics and tolerant to abiotic stress could also be used to address food security and malnutrition-related challenges in sub-Saharan Africa.
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页数:23
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