Molecular gas properties of a lensed star-forming galaxy at z ∼ 3.6: a case study

被引:46
作者
Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. [1 ]
Zamojski, M. [1 ]
Rujopakarn, W. [2 ,3 ]
Richard, J. [4 ]
Sklias, P. [1 ]
Schaerer, D. [1 ,5 ]
Combes, F. [6 ]
Ebeling, H. [7 ]
Rawle, T. D. [8 ]
Egami, E. [9 ]
Boone, F. [5 ]
Clement, B. [4 ]
Kneib, J. -P. [10 ,11 ]
Nyland, K. [12 ]
Walth, G. [13 ]
机构
[1] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneve, 51 Ch Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
[2] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, 254 Phayathai Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
[3] Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan
[4] Univ Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon,UMR 5574, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
[5] CNRS, IRAP, 14 Ave E Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
[6] Observ Paris, LERMA, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France
[7] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
[8] ESA, Space Telescope Sci Inst STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
[9] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[10] EPFL, Lab Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
[11] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France
[12] Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
[13] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
cosmology: observations; gravitational lensing: strong; galaxies: high-redshift; ISM: molecules; galaxies: evolution; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; FUNDAMENTAL RELATION; MASSIVE GALAXIES; FORMATION RATES; CO LINES; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; METALLICITY; MULTIWAVELENGTH; STARBURSTS;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201628513
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We report on the galaxy MACSJ0032-arc at z(CO) = 3.6314 discovered during the Herschel Lensing snapshot Survey of massive galaxy clusters, and strongly lensed by the cluster MACSJ0032.1+1808. The successful detections of its rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), optical, far-infrared (FIR), millimeter, and radio continua, and of its CO emission enable us to characterize, for the first time at such a high redshift, the stellar, dust, and molecular gas properties of a compact star-forming galaxy with a size smaller than 2.5 kpc, a fairly low stellar mass of 4.8(-1.0)(+0.5) x 10(9) M circle dot, and a moderate IR luminosity of 4.8(-0.6)(+1.2) x 10(11) L circle dot. By combining the stretching effect of the lens with the high angular resolution imaging of the CO(10) line emission and the radio continuum at 5 GHz, we find that the bulk of the molecular gas mass and star formation seems to be spatially decoupled from the rest-frame UV emission. About 90% of the total star formation rate is undetected at rest-frame UV wavelengths because of severe obscuration by dust, but is seen through the thermal FIR dust emission and the radio synchrotron radiation. The observed CO(43) and CO(65) lines demonstrate that high-J transitions, at least up to J = 6, remain excited in this galaxy, whose CO spectral line energy distribution resembles that of high-redshift submm galaxies, even though the IR luminosity of MACSJ0032-arc is ten times lower. This high CO excitation is possibly due to the compactness of the galaxy. We find evidence that this high CO excitation has to be considered in the balance when estimating the CO-to-H-2 conversion factor. Indeed, the respective CO-to-H-2 conversion factors as derived from the correlation with metallicity and the FIR dust continuum can only be reconciled if excitation is accounted for. The inferred depletion time of the molecular gas in MACSJ0032-arc supports the decrease in the gas depletion timescale of galaxies with redshift, although to a lesser degree than predicted by galaxy evolution models. Instead, the measured molecular gas fraction as high as 6079% in MACSJ0032-arc favors the continued increase in the gas fraction of galaxies with redshift as expected, despite the plateau observed between z similar to 1.5 and z similar to 2.5.
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页数:18
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