Clinical Tools for Peripheral Neuropathy to Exclude Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction Assessment for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) remains difficult in everyday clinical practice. We sought to examine the diagnostic utility of various simple tools for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in the detection of CAN in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods We examined 153 type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects by various DPN tools (vibration perception threshold, 10 g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, Ipswich touch test, NC-stat(R)/DPNCheck, neuropathy disability score) for the detection of CAN. CAN was diagnosed by the standardised cardiovascular autonomic reflex function tests. Results For the diagnosis of CAN, assessment of small nerve fibre function (pinprick sensation, temperature perception) yielded a very high negative predictive value (97%), with high sensitivity (89%) and moderate specificity (73%). The vibration perception threshold was second in diagnostic utility (91% negative predictive value, 62% sensitivity and 75% specificity). Conclusions Based on their high negative predictive value, simple tools for DPN may prove useful to exclude CAN in type 2 diabetes mellitus. These encouraging results merit further evaluation to enable wider screening for CAN.