Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859

被引：74

作者：

Hayakawa, Hisashi ^{[1
,2
]}

Ebihara, Yusuke ^{[3
,4
]}

Willis, David M. ^{[2
,5
]}

Toriumi, Shin ^{[6
]}

Iju, Tomoya ^{[7
]}

Hattori, Kentaro ^{[8
]}

Wild, Matthew N. ^{[2
]}

Oliveira, Denny M. ^{[9
,10
]}

Ermolli, Ilaria ^{[11
]}

Ribeiro, Jose R. ^{[12
]}

Correia, Ana P. ^{[12
]}

Ribeiro, Ana, I ^{[13
,14
]}

Knipp, Delores J. ^{[15
,16
]}

机构：

[1] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Letters, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

[2] RAL Space, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Rutherford Appleton Lab, UK Solar Syst Data Ctr,Space Phys & Operat Div, Didcot, Oxon, England

[3] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto, Japan

[4] Kyoto Univ, Unit Synerget Studies Space, Kyoto, Japan

[5] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Coventry, W Midlands, England

[6] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

[7] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

[8] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan

[9] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA

[10] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[11] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

[12] Escola Secundaria Henrique Medina, Dept Matemat & Ciencias Expt, Esposende, Portugal

[13] Univ Porto, EPIUnit Inst Saude Publ, Rua Taipas, Porto, Portugal

[14] Univ Porto, Fac Med, Dept Ciencias Saude Publ & Forenses & Educ Med, Porto, Portugal

[15] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[16] Univ Colorado, Smead Aerosp Engn Sci Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

来源：

SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS | 2019年 / 17卷 / 11期

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”;

关键词：

sunspot; aurora; magnetic storm; Carrington event; extreme space weather event; solar-terrestrial relationship; LOW-LATITUDE AURORAS; EXTREME MAGNETIC STORM; SPACE WEATHER EVENT; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; INTENSITY; IONOSPHERE; SUPERSTORM; ORIGIN; NUMBER; FIELD;

D O I：

10.1029/2019SW002269

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The Carrington event is considered to be one of the most extreme space weather events in observational history within a series of magnetic storms caused by extreme interplanetary coronal mass ejections from a large and complex active region that emerged on the solar disk. In this article, we study the temporal and spatial evolutions of the source sunspot active region and visual aurorae and compare this storm with other extreme space weather events on the basis of their auroral spatial evolution. Sunspot drawings by Schwabe, Secchi, and Carrington describe the position and morphology of the source active region at that time. Visual auroral reports from the Russian Empire, Iberia, Ireland, Oceania, and Japan fill the spatial gap of auroral visibility and revise the time series of auroral visibility in middle to low magnetic latitudes. The reconstructed time series is compared with magnetic measurements and shows the correspondence between low-latitude to mid-latitude aurorae and the phase of magnetic storms. The spatial evolution of the auroral oval is compared with those of other extreme space weather events in 1872, 1909, 1921, and 1989 as well as their storm intensity and contextualizes the Carrington event, as one of the most extreme space weather events, but likely not unique.

引用

页码：1553 / 1569

页数：17

共 118 条

[1] Comment on "The extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859" By B. T. Tsurutani, W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex [J].