Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data for more accurate earthquake catalogs

The accuracy of earthquake catalogs limits the reliability of earthquake hazard assessment and the comprehensive understanding of earthquake mechanisms. Current seismic catalogs are based on the inversion of seismic wave data. The accuracy of their source parameters, which reflect the quantity and layout of seismic stations, and the crustal velocity model used, are often highly uncertain. The open source and popularization of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) deformation data offer the potential to provide more accurate source parameters for earthquake catalogs. In this study, we used same-source InSAR data and a consistent processing approach (i.e., the same sampling, inversion algorithm, and processing flow) to obtain the fault slip models and source parameters of 56 earthquakes, covering most of earthquakes observed by the Sentinel-1 since 2014; these were then used to form a unified InSAR earthquake catalog (U-InSAR). We then compiled a second InSAR earthquake catalog (C-InSAR) based on the source parameters of an additional 164 earthquakes inverted using InSAR deformation data from various sources by previous studies, among which 45 earthquakes included additional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The C-InSAR catalog was used to evaluate the impact of data sources and processing approach on the consistency of InSAR catalogs; we found no significant differences between the U-and C-InSAR catalogs. Secondly, the combined U-and C-InSAR catalogs were compared with seismological catalogs, and showed significantly improved seismic source locations, depths, moment magnitudes, fault strikes, fault dips, and fault rakes. Our results confirm the rationality and feasibility of constructing earthquake catalogs using source parameters from a variety of InSAR data sources and inversion algorithms. We emphasize that InSAR catalogs can provide an important supplement, improvement, and/or correction to seismological catalogs, and can provide important basic data for more refined and reliable research on earthquake mechanisms and hazard assessments. Finally, we set up a preliminary sharing and distribution system for InSAR-based catalogs.