Methotrexate versus expectant management in ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis

Background Ectopic pregnancy (EP) affects 1-2% of all pregnant females'(Barnhart et al., Expert Opin Pharmacother 2(3):409-417, 2001) that can require emergent surgical intervention. Noninvasive diagnostic tests like transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), and serial beta-hCG levels have enabled early diagnosis and allowed medical therapy to be tried. Methotrexate (MTX) versus expectant management, both have been considered safe but superiority of one over the other is lacking. Methods We searched for RCT that have shown efficacy of MTX versus expectant management in hemodynamically stable patients. Our primary outcome was whether one modality is superior to the other. Results Four RCT were included in the meta-analysis after review. Our pooled analysis when comparing MTX and expectant management showed us that the difference between the uneventful decline in beta-hCG levels (treatment success) was statistically insignificant (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.93-1.21) with no significant heterogeneity between trials (I-2 = 0.0%, P = 0.578). The difference between need for surgical intervention between methotrexate and expectant management was also statistically insignificant (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.43-1.40) with no significant heterogeneity between trials (I-2 = 0.0%, P = 0.552). Conclusion We conclude that expectant management is not inferior to MTX in hemodynamically stable patients with ectopic pregnancy that have declining or low beta-hCG levels.