Graphite to graphene conversion via modified electrochemical exfoliation method

Due to its unique properties, graphene offers a wide range of applications, including energy storage, catalysis, and power generation. Graphene sheets can be prepared using a number of different techniques, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. Here, graphene sheets are prepared using electrochemical exfoliation method followed by ultrasonication and ball milling in various electrolytic concentrations of H3PO4 (0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.3 M). XRD, SEM, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to investigate the effect of electrolyte concentration on the production of graphene. XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy confirm the formation of minimum number of layers in 0.1 M H3PO4 electrolytic solution, while the Raman results show the formation of bi-layer graphene for this concentration. All the results suggest that the electrochemical exfoliation method being simple, inexpensive, and less time-consuming is the most suited approach for preparing good quality few-layer graphene for commercialization purpose.