The landing(s) of Philae and inferences about comet surface mechanical properties

被引：235

作者：

Biele, Jens ^{[1
]}

Ulamec, Stephan ^{[1
]}

Maibaum, Michael ^{[1
]}

Roll, Reinhard ^{[3
]}

Witte, Lars ^{[2
]}

Jurado, Eric ^{[9
]}

Munoz, Pablo ^{[5
,12
]}

Arnold, Walter ^{[10
,11
]}

Auster, Hans-Ulrich ^{[6
]}

Casas, Carlos ^{[5
,12
]}

Faber, Claudia ^{[4
]}

Fantinati, Cinzia ^{[1
]}

Finke, Felix ^{[1
]}

Fischer, Hans-Herbert ^{[1
]}

Geurts, Koen ^{[1
]}

Guettler, Carsten ^{[3
]}

Heinisch, Philip ^{[6
]}

Herique, Alain ^{[7
,8
]}

Hviid, Stubbe ^{[4
]}

Kargl, Guenter

Knapmeyer, Martin ^{[4
]}

Knollenberg, Joerg ^{[4
]}

Kofman, Wlodek ^{[7
,8
]}

Koemle, Norbert

Kuehrt, Ekkehard ^{[4
]}

Lommatsch, Valentina ^{[1
]}

Mottola, Stefano ^{[4
]}

de Santayana, Ramon Pardo ^{[5
,12
]}

Remetean, Emile ^{[9
]}

Scholten, Frank ^{[4
]}

Seidensticker, Klaus J. ^{[4
]}

Sierks, Holger ^{[3
]}

Spohn, Tilman ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR Raumflugbetr, MUSC, D-51147 Cologne, Germany

[2] DLR Instr Raumfahrtsyst, D-28359 Bremen, Germany

[3] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch MPS, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[4] DLR Inst Planetenforsch, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[5] European Space Agcy, European Space Operat Ctr, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany

[6] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany

[7] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[8] CNRS, Inst Planetol & Astrophys Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[9] Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31400 Toulouse, France

[10] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[11] Univ Saarland, Dept Mat Sci, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany

[12] ESA, ESOC GMV, Grp Mecan Vuelo, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany

来源：

SCIENCE | 2015年 / 349卷 / 6247期

关键词：

67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO; STRENGTH; NUCLEUS; LANDER; IMPACT;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aaa9816

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The Philae lander, part of the Rosetta mission to investigate comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, was delivered to the cometary surface in November 2014. Here we report the precise circumstances of the multiple landings of Philae, including the bouncing trajectory and rebound parameters, based on engineering data in conjunction with operational instrument data. These data also provide information on the mechanical properties (strength and layering) of the comet surface. The first touchdown site, Agilkia, appears to have a granular soft surface (with a compressive strength of 1 kilopascal) at least similar to 20 cm thick, possibly on top of a more rigid layer. The final landing site, Abydos, has a hard surface.

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