New twist on artificial muscles

被引:302
作者
Haines, Carter S. [1 ]
Li, Na [1 ]
Spinks, Geoffrey M. [2 ]
Aliev, Ali E. [1 ]
Di, Jiangtao [1 ]
Baughman, Ray H. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
[2] Univ Wollongong, Sch Mech Mat & Mech Engn, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Electromat Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
artificial muscles; actuators; carbon nanotubes; yarns; textiles; POLYMER-METAL COMPOSITES; THERMAL-EXPANSION; ACTUATORS; FIBER; YARNS; ELASTOMERS; STRAIN; DRIVEN; MODEL;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1605273113
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy conversion have combined with high cost and hysteretic performance to restrict practical use. In recent years, a new class of artificial muscles, based on highly twisted fibers, has emerged that can deliver more than 2,000 J/kg of specific work during muscle contraction, compared with just 40 J/kg for natural muscle. Thermally actuated muscles made from ordinary polymer fibers can deliver long-life, hysteresis-free tensile strokes of more than 30% and torsional actuation capable of spinning a paddle at speeds of more than 100,000 rpm. In this perspective, we explore the mechanisms and potential applications of present twisted fiber muscles and the future opportunities and challenges for developing twisted muscles having improved cycle rates, efficiencies, and functionality. We also demonstrate artificial muscle sewing threads and textiles and coiled structures that exhibit nearly unlimited actuation strokes. In addition to robotics and prosthetics, future applications include smart textiles that change breathability in response to temperature and moisture and window shutters that automatically open and close to conserve energy.
引用
收藏
页码:11709 / 11716
页数:8
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