Integrated transmission expansion and PMU planning considering dynamic thermal rating in uncertain environment

Dynamic line rating (DLR) technologies are fast becoming a key instrument in power systems with high penetration of wind farms, because power companies can reduce the value of wind power spillage and also can postpone the investments of transmission lines by using DLR equipment. However, what the authors know about DLR is largely based on empirical studies that investigate how to change the capacity of transmission lines with changing the weather data. Therefore, lack of a mathematical model for estimating the capacity of lines by considering the weather conditions across the line and wind farm generations can be accounted as a research gap of DLR problems. This study proposes a solution for transmission expansion planning considering DLR technologies. Also, this study seeks to develop a model, which will help to address the research gap of DLR problems. The geostatistical analysis is used to develop a mathematical model, which can provide the relationship between wind farms as well as the capacity of lines calculated based on the weather conditions across the line. The efficiency of the proposed model is examined on a modified IEEE 118-bus test system.