Doherty PAs for 5G Massive MIMO: Energy-Efficient Integrated DPA MMICs for Sub-6-GHz and mm-Wave 5G Massive MIMO Systems

To accommodate growing user demand for faster data rates and extensive connectivity, modern wireless communication systems must evolve to support a sharply increasing number of subscribers, all requesting service at the same time. This trend encourages the broad application of multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) systems. In fact, MIMO techniques can increase data rates, coverage of service areas, and communication reliability without additional RFs. In recent proposals for 5G systems, the required separate RF chains in massive MIMO RF front ends can reach up to 256, with bandwidths of up to 800 MHz per RF chain [1], [2]. Massive MIMO is a critical technology that helps significantly in increasing network capacity and spectral efficiency, while reducing wireless network interference, ultimately improving the end-user experience.