Three-dimensional seismic stability of inhomogeneous soil slopes using limit analysis method

Based on the upper bound limit analysis method, the three-dimensional seismic stability of inhomogeneous soil slope is investigated using the pseudo-dynamic approach, and the explicit expression of the factor of safety is obtained by gravity increase method (GEM). In addition, the genetic algorithm is used for optimization and the results are verified by comparing with other published data. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on stability of the slope. The results indicate that for the slope with the given height, the increase of width-height ratio and slope inclination angle, and the decrease of internal friction angle and inhomogeneous coefficient will lead to the reduction of factor of safety. The pseudo-static method yields a larger result compared with the pseudo-dynamic method, and the difference between the results of the two approaches increases with the increases of the horizontal seismic coefficient and the effective internal friction angle, but decreases with the increase of the slope inclination. The increasing of the soil amplification factor can lead to a significant decrease in the factor of safety of the slope, while changes in the period and velocity of the shear wave have little effect on the stability of the slope. The trace of the slip face is greatly influenced by the horizontal seismic coefficient, but less affected by the inhomogeneous coefficient.