Evaporative heat loss from group-housed growing pigs at high ambient temperatures

The effects of relative humidity and ambient temperature on evaporative heat loss were studied in 12 trials each with a group of 10 gilts with an initial BW of 61.7 kg (58.0-65.5 kg). The ambient temperature inside a respiration chamber was increased by 2 degrees C d(-1) starting at 16 degrees C and ending at 32 degrees C. Relative humidity was set at 50%, 65% or 80% and remained constant within each trial. The animals had free access to feed and water. Skin temperature (SkinT), total heat production (HP), evaporative heat loss (EvapH), respiration rate (RR), and wallowing of the animals were recorded. SkinT was lowest at 80% relative humidity (P < 0.05). For each degree Celsius rise in SkinT, wallowing increased by 0.19% (P < 0.05). For each degree Celsius rise in ambient temperature, total HP decreased by 115 kJ pig(-1) d(-1) and EvapH increased by 290 0 pig(-1) d(-1) (P < 0.05). It was concluded that under constant high ambient temperature and relative humidity, the pigs clearly employ respiratory evaporation to lose heat. Wallowing showed the importance of skin EvapH with higher temperatures, especially at high relative humidity. This study shows the importance of evaporative cooling from the skin. The implication is that pigs at high ambient temperatures, especially in combination with a high relative humidity, should be able to wet themselves. For animal welfare and environmental reasons, it is important that they are able to wet their skin. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.