Mushroom: A New Resource for Anti-Angiogenic Therapeutics

Anti-angiogenic therapy is described as a targeted prognosis to cure cancer in advanced stages. But the use of synthetic drug molecules causes various side effects. A failure of synthesized molecules to prevent the advancement of cancer followed by neovascularization has drawn focus towards naturally obtained product application. Mushrooms are appreciated as a valuable source of food and medication since the time immemorial. In recent days, the effects are being analyzed in a molecular aspect. Non-toxicity towards normal cell populations gave advantages to mushroom products on synthetic molecules. Researchers across the world have described the anti-angiogenic role of mushroom extract or purified bio-molecules. The present review gives an update on component biomolecules i.e. triterpenoids, isoflavones, and glycoproteins are applied as small molecule-mediated impedance or activate macromolecule proteins to modulate the immune response. A Lanostane group of triterpenoids from different mushrooms has been explored to find out the inhibitory property on angiogenesis inducing growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, EGF and their receptors. In recent days, a molecular mechanism to control VEGF mediated signaling pathway elaborated by mushroom glycoprotein induced immunomodulation on NF-kappa B, MMPs, and inflammatory cytokines. Flavonoid fermentation by Ganoderma lucidum has opened a new window of immunomodulation treatment to control tumor angiogenesis.