Lab-in-a-Phone: Smartphone-Based Portable Fluorometer for pH Measurements of Environmental Water

A novel portable fluorometer combining the attributes of a smartphone with an easy-fit, simple and compact sample chamber fabricated using 3-D printing has been developed for pH measurements of environmental water in the field. A color filter attached over the camera white light light-emitting diode selects an excitation band centered around lambda similar to 450 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth, Delta lambda similar to 21 nm. An application-specific, temperature-stable probe based on the 4-aminonaphthalimide fluorophore was synthesized to absorb at this wavelength while emitting in the green region of the visible spectrum. The green emission is readily detected using the smartphone camera and a simple red-green-blue Android application. Suppression of the green emission increases with increasing pH enabling a straightforward pH sensor. The system was calibrated against a commercial spectrofluorometer and pH measurements were taken at various locations around Sydney. The results were then compared directly with those obtained using conventional electrode-based measurements. The data can be stored in the phone's available memory or transmitted by phone back to base for further real-time analysis.