Evolution Under Environmental Stress at Macro- and Microscales

被引:61
作者
Nevo, Eviatar [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Haifa, Inst Evolut, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel
来源
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION | 2011年 / 3卷
关键词
stress; subterranean mammals; Dead Sea; Evolution Canyon; global warming; MOLE-RAT SPALAX; WILD EMMER WHEAT; MICROGEOGRAPHIC EDAPHIC DIFFERENTIATION; ALLOZYME POLYMORPHISMS; MICROSATELLITE DIVERSITY; TRITICUM-DICOCCOIDES; NATURAL-SELECTION; ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIATION; MICROCLIMATIC CONTRAST; YEHUDIYYA MICROSITE;
D O I
10.1093/gbe/evr052
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Environmental stress has played a major role in the evolution of living organisms (Hoffman AA, Parsons PA. 1991. Evolutionary genetics and environmental stress. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Parsons PA. 2005. Environments and evolution: interactions between stress, resource inadequacy, and energetic efficiency. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 80:589-610). This is reflected by the massive and background extinctions in evolutionary time (Nevo E. 1995a. Evolution and extinction. Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology. New York: Academic Press, Inc. 1:717-745). The interaction between organism and environment is central in evolution. Extinction ensues when organisms fail to change and adapt to the constantly altering abiotic and biotic stressful environmental changes as documented in the fossil record. Extreme environmental stress causes extinction but also leads to evolutionary change and the origination of new species adapted to new environments. I will discuss a few of these global, regional, and local stresses based primarily on my own research programs. These examples will include the 1) global regional and local experiment of subterranean mammals; 2) regional experiment of fungal life in the Dead Sea; 3) evolution of wild cereals; 4) "Evolution Canyon"; 5) human brain evolution, and 6) global warming.
引用
收藏
页码:1039 / 1052
页数:14
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