Glucose Uptake by Skeletal Muscle within the Contexts of Type 2 Diabetes and Exercise: An Integrated Approach

被引:52
作者
Hulett, Nicholas A. [1 ]
Scalzo, Rebecca L. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Reusch, Jane E. B. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Dept Med, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
[2] Rocky Mt Reg Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
[3] Univ Colorado, Ctr Womens Hlth Res, Anschutz Med Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
关键词
type; 2; diabetes; insulin resistance; glucose transport; skeletal muscle; exercise; RAT ADIPOSE-CELL; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; BLOOD-FLOW; TRANSPORT; SENSITIVITY; GLUT4; TRANSLOCATION;
D O I
10.3390/nu14030647
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Type 2 diabetes continues to negatively impact the health of millions. The inability to respond to insulin to clear blood glucose (insulin resistance) is a key pathogenic driver of the disease. Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue for maintaining glucose homeostasis through glucose uptake via insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Skeletal muscle is also responsive to exercise-meditated glucose transport, and as such, exercise is a cornerstone for glucose management in people with type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake requires a concert of events. First, the glucose-rich blood must be transported to the skeletal muscle. Next, the glucose must traverse the endothelium, extracellular matrix, and skeletal muscle membrane. Lastly, intracellular metabolic processes must be activated to maintain the diffusion gradient to facilitate glucose transport into the cell. This review aims to examine the physiology at each of these steps in healthy individuals, analyze the dysregulation affecting these pathways associated with type 2 diabetes, and describe the mechanisms by which exercise acts to increase glucose uptake.
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页数:15
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