Three-Dimensional Discrete-Element Modeling of Geocell-Reinforced Ballast Considering Breakage

This paper presents a three-dimensional discrete-element method (DEM) study examining the settlement and breakage behavior of geocell-reinforced ballast. The reinforced ballast chamber reproduced the geocell in configuration and the ballast particles in shape and breakage characteristics. The reinforced ballast chamber was subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads. Parametric studies were conducted on the geocell embedment depth and ballast shape. For each case, ballast settlement, geocell responses, and ballast breakage behavior were evaluated. This study demonstrates that the geocell can effectively reduce settlement and ballast breakage. The geocell stiffens its embedded layer and reduces stress propagation into the underlying layer.