The dose makes the poison: have "field realistic" rates of exposure of bees to neonicotinoid insecticides been overestimated in laboratory studies?

被引：105

作者：

Carreck, Norman L. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ratnieksi, Francis L. W. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Lab Apiculture & Social Insects, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England

[2] Int Bee Res Assoc, Treforest CF37 5YR, England

来源：

JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH | 2014年 / 53卷 / 05期

关键词：

honey bees; bumble bees; clothianidin; imidacloprid; thiamethoxam; concentration; duration; choice; laboratory studies; field studies; SEED-TREATED CANOLA; HYMENOPTERA APIDAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; COLONY HEALTH; HONEY-BEES; PESTICIDE; SUCCESS; IMPACT; GROWTH;

D O I：

10.3896/IBRA.1.53.5.08

中图分类号：

Q96 [昆虫学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

Recent laboratory based studies have demonstrated adverse sub-lethal effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on honey bees and bumble bees, and these studies have been influential in leading to a European Union moratorium on the use of three neonicotinoids, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam on "bee attractive" crops. Yet so far, these same effects have not been observed in field studies. Here we review the three key dosage factors (concentration, duration and choice) relevant to field conditions, and conclude that these have probably been over estimated in many laboratory based studies.

引用

页码：607 / 614

页数：8

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