The Emergence and Initial Impact of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) in the United States Virgin Islands
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作者:
Brandt, Marilyn E.
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机构:
Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Brandt, Marilyn E.
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Ennis, Rosmin S.
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Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Ennis, Rosmin S.
[1
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Meiling, Sonora S.
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Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Meiling, Sonora S.
[1
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Townsend, Joseph
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机构:
Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
US Virgin Isl Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Div Coastal Zone Management, St Thomas, VI USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Townsend, Joseph
[1
,2
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Cobleigh, Kathryn
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Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Cobleigh, Kathryn
[1
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Glahn, Adam
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机构:
Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Glahn, Adam
[1
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Quetel, Jason
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机构:
Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Caribbean Ocean Restorat Educ Fdn, St Thomas, VI USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Quetel, Jason
[1
,3
]
Brandtneris, Viktor
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机构:
Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Brandtneris, Viktor
[1
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Henderson, Leslie M.
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机构:
NOAA, CSS Inc, Off Coastal Management, Christiansted, VI USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Henderson, Leslie M.
[4
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Smith, Tyler B.
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Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USAUniv Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
Smith, Tyler B.
[1
]
机构:
[1] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA
[2] US Virgin Isl Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Div Coastal Zone Management, St Thomas, VI USA
[3] Caribbean Ocean Restorat Educ Fdn, St Thomas, VI USA
[4] NOAA, CSS Inc, Off Coastal Management, Christiansted, VI USA
Coral communities in the Caribbean face a new and deadly threat in the form of the highly virulent multi-host stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD). In late January of 2019, a disease with signs and characteristics matching that of SCTLD was found affecting a reef off the coast of St. Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). Identification of its emergence in the USVI provided the opportunity to document the initial evolution of its spatial distribution, coral species susceptibility characteristics, and its comparative impact on coral cover at affected and unaffected coral reef locations. Re-assessments at sentinel sites and long-term monitoring locations were used to track the spread of the disease, assess species affected, and quantify its impact. The disease was initially limited to the southwest of St. Thomas for several months, then spread around the island and to the neighboring island of St. John to the east. Differences in disease prevalence among species were similar to reports of SCTLD from other regions. Highly affected species included Colpophyllia natans, Eusmilia fastigiata, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella spp., and Pseudodiploria strigosa. Dendrogyra cylindrus and Meandrina meandrites were also highly affected but showed more variability in disease prevalence, likely due to initial low abundances and the rapid loss of colonies due to disease. Siderastrea spp. were less affected and showed lower prevalence. Species previously reported as unaffected or data deficient that were found to be affected by SCTLD included Agaricia spp., Madracis spp., and Mycetophyllia spp. We also observed multi-focal lesions at SCTLD-affected sites on colonies of Porites astreoides, despite that poritids have previously been considered low or not susceptible to SCTLD. Loss of coral cover due to acute tissue loss diseases, which were predominantly SCTLD, was significant at several monitoring locations and was more impactful than previous mass bleaching events at some sites. There are no signs that the USVI SCTLD outbreak is abating, therefore it is likely that this disease will become widespread across the U.S. Caribbean and British Virgin Islands in the near future.
机构:
Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniv Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Meyer, Julie L.
Castellanos-Gell, Jessy
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Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniv Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Castellanos-Gell, Jessy
Aeby, Greta S.
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Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USAUniv Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Aeby, Greta S.
Hase, Claudia C.
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机构:
Oregon State Univ, Carlson Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USAUniv Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Hase, Claudia C.
Ushijima, Blake
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机构:
Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USA
Oregon State Univ, Carlson Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USAUniv Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Ushijima, Blake
Paul, Valerie J.
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Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL USAUniv Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
机构:
US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USAUS Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA
Work, Thierry M.
Weatherby, Tina M.
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Univ Hawaii Manoa, Biol Electron Microscope Facil, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USAUS Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA
Weatherby, Tina M.
Landsberg, Jan H.
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Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USAUS Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA
Landsberg, Jan H.
Kiryu, Yasunari
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Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL USAUS Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA
Kiryu, Yasunari
Cook, Samantha M.
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George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USAUS Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA
Cook, Samantha M.
Peters, Esther C.
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George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USAUS Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI USA