cAMP and EPAC Signaling Functionally Replace OCT4 During Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming

被引:18
作者
Fritz, Ashley L. [1 ]
Adill, Maroof M. [1 ]
Mao, Sunnie R. [1 ]
Schaffer, David V. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
CYCLIC ADENOSINE-MONOPHOSPHATE; PROTEIN-KINASE-A; REGULATORY CIRCUITRY; SOMATIC-CELLS; SELF-RENEWAL; E-CADHERIN; MOUSE; ACTIVATION; DIFFERENTIATION; FIBROBLASTS;
D O I
10.1038/mt.2015.28
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells generated via the ectopic overexpression of reprogramming factors such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC (OSKM) in a differentiated cell type-has enabled groundbreaking research efforts in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Although initial studies have focused on the roles of nuclear factors, increasing evidence highlights the importance of signal transduction during reprogramming. By utilizing a quantitative, medium-throughput screen to initially identify signaling pathways that could potentially replace individual transcription factors during reprogramming, we initially found that several pathways-such as Notch, Smoothened, and cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling-were capable of generating alkaline phosphatase positive colonies in the absence of OCT4, the most stringently required Yamanaka factor. After further investigation, we discovered that cAMP signal activation could functionally replace OCT4 to induce pluripotency, and results indicate that the downstream exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) signaling pathway rather than protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is necessary and sufficient for this function. cAMP signaling may reduce barriers to reprogramming by contributing to downstream epithelial gene expression, decreasing mesenchynnal gene expression, and increasing proliferation. Ultimately, these results elucidate mechanisms that could lead to new reprogramming methodologies and advance our understanding of stem cell biology.
引用
收藏
页码:952 / 963
页数:12
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