Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein predicts liver cancer development in chronic hepatitis B patients under antiviral treatment

AIM: The risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA under nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy are not well defined. We aimed to examine the relationship between Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein (WFA(+)-M2BP) and HCC development in these patients. Results: There was a significant difference in the median levels of pre-treatment WFA(+)-M2BP between the HCC and control groups (0.67 vs 0.41 COI, respectively, p < 0.001). Among patients with cirrhosis, the median level of WFA(+)-M2BP was higher in HCC group than in control group (0.74 vs 0.47 COI, respectively, p = 0.014). Among patients without cirrhosis, the median level of WFA(+)-M2BP of HCC group was also higher (0.48 vs 0.28 COI, respectively, p = 0.002). With a cutoff value of 0.69, the AUROC of pre-treatment WFA(+)-M2BP to predict HCC development for the whole cohort was 0.70. With cutoff values of 0.69 and 0.34, the AUROCs to predict HCC were 0.67 and 0.77 for patients with and without cirrhosis, respectively. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven NA-treated patients with undetectable HBV DNA who developed HCC were compared with 57 controls (matched with demographics and treatment duration). WFA(+)-M2BP levels were measured, and expressed as cutoff index (COI). Subgroup analyses were also performed in patients with and without cirrhosis. Conclusions: A higher pre-treatment WFA+-M2BP level was associated with an increased risk of HCC development in patients with undetectable HBV DNA under NA therapy. Further longitudinal studies are required to examine the role of WFA+ -M2BP as an accessory risk marker for HCC development.