Anti-allergic activity of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-β-D-glucuronide

Glycyrrhizin (18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuroniae, GL) was transformed to 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (GAMG) by Streptococcus LJ-22. The antiallergic activities of GL and GAMG was measured using a RBL cell assay system and contact hypersensitivity model mice. GAMG exhibited anti-allergic activity with IC50 values of 0.28 mM. GAMG, which is sweeter than GL, and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, which is a GAMG metabolite by human intestinal bacteria, also inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and skin contact inflammation. In conclusion, GAMG may be useful as a new sweet food additive and an anti-allergic agent.