A pilot study analyzing PSA, serum testosterone, lipid profile, body mass index and race in a small sample of patients with and without carcinoma of the prostate

Androgens, diet, race and obesity are thought to play some roles in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. We wanted to evaluate if there were any interrelationships between prostate specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, serum cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and race, in older patients with and without prostate cancer (CaP). We evaluated 308 patients referred to urologists in private practice offices and clinics with and without prostate cancer with regard to race, serum PSA, age, serum testosterone, full lipid profile, height and weight, and stage of cancer. We used multivariate analysis, Fisher's exact test and t-tests as well as logistic regression analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS computer software, and P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Significantly higher levels of serum testosterone were found in black men with Cap than black men without Cap (526 +/- 28 vs 404 +/- 19, respectively.) We also found significantly higher levels of serum testosterone in white men with CaP than white men without Cap (409 +/- 20 vs 302 +/- 14, respectively, P < 0.05). HDL was higher in black men than white men, and triglycerides were higher in white men than black men. Cholesterol was similar across all groups, but BMI was highest in white men with Cap We also found a significant association between BMI and pathological stage of prostate cancer patients among both black and white men (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that black men who developed Cap had higher serum testosterone levels, on average, than white men who developed Cap Furthermore, BMI was highest in white men developing CaP compared to black men, but we found a significant association between pathological stage and BMI in both black and white patients. Although it is controversial whether obesity is considered to be a risk factor for prostate cancer, this small pilot study suggests that BMI may play a role in the progression of the disease once it is established.