The fractional Radon transform defined, based on the Fourier slice theorem and the fractional Fourier transform, has many potential applications in optics and the pattern-recognition field. Here we study many properties of the fractional Radon transform using existing theory of the regular Radon transform: the inversion formulas, stability estimates, uniqueness and reconstruction for a local data problem, and a range description. Also, we define the fractional exponential Radon transform and present its inversion.