Experimental Studies on Rock Thin-Section Image Classification by Deep Learning-Based Approaches

Experimental studies were carried out to analyze the impact of optimizers and learning rate on the performance of deep learning-based algorithms for rock thin-section image classification. A total of 2634 rock thin-section images including three rock types-metamorphic, sedimentary, and volcanic rocks-were acquired from an online open-source science data bank. Four CNNs using three different optimizer algorithms (Adam, SGD, RMSprop) under two learning-rate decay schedules (lambda and cosine decay modes) were trained and validated. Then, a systematic comparison was conducted based on the performance of the trained model. Precision, f1-scores, and confusion matrix were adopted as the evaluation indicators. Trials revealed that deep learning-based approaches for rock thin-section image classification were highly effective and stable. Meanwhile, the experimental results showed that the cosine learning-rate decay mode was the better option for learning-rate adjustment during the training process. In addition, the performance of the four neural networks was confirmed and ranked as VGG16, GoogLeNet, MobileNetV2, and ShuffleNetV2. In the last step, the influence of optimization algorithms was evaluated based on VGG16 and GoogLeNet, and the results demonstrated that the capabilities of the model using Adam and RMSprop optimizers were more robust than that of SGD. The experimental study in this paper provides important practical value for training a high-precision rock thin-section image classification model, which can also be transferred to other similar image classification tasks.