Polyarteritis nodosa in case of familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent self-limited attacks of fever accompanied by peritonitis, pleuritis, and arthritis. Protracted febrile myalgia syndrome (PFMS) is a rare form of vasculitic disease which is an uncommon dramatic manifestation of FMF, characterized by severe crippling myalgia and high fever. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting medium or small arteries. It is rarely observed in children, but its incidence increases in the presence of FMF. In this article we described a 14-yea-old child diagnosed with FMF associated with PAN. Physicians should be aware of this possible association.