Geopolitical risk and forecastability of tail risk in the oil market: Evidence from over a century of monthly data

Using monthly data for the period from 1916 to 2020, we report that geopolitical risk, when decomposed into threats and actual risk, has predictive value for tail risk in the oil market. When we study the full sample of data, we find that threats increase tail risk in the oil market, while actual acts related risk reduces tail risk at longer forecast horizons. While the findings of the full-sample analysis show that the effect of threats and acts on tail risk in the oil market is quantitatively small, results of an out-of-sample analysis show that, for several model configurations, geopolitical risks associated with threats are sta-tistically significant predictors of tail risk in the oil market, even after controlling for a factor capturing global equity-market tail-risk spillovers. Our results have important investment implications. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.