The Impact of an Established Pharmaceutical Care Pathway on Drug Related Problems in an Intensive Care Unit

Background: The incidence of drug related problems (DRPs) in intensive care units (ICU) is higher compared to any other wards in the hospital, requiring a structured pathway to ensure optimum detection of DRPs. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing a pharmaceutical care pathway on the detection and management of DRPs in an ICU. Methods: The study was conducted in a general ICU and included three phases: tool preparation phase included the devel-opment of a core measures reference pathway and daily working scenario flow-charts, a control phase where the patient files and pharmacists' case assessment notes were retrospectively reviewed to detect the rate of DRPs before pathway implemen-tation and a prospective phase similar to the control phase but with the implementation of the new pathway. The number and classification of DRPs and required core measures in the control and implementation phases were documented. Results: Using the new pathway, the detection of unmet core measures increased from 7.3% in the control phase to 99% in the implementation phase (p-value <0.001). The prevalence of unidentified DRPs/1000 patients' service days decreased from 98.1 in the control phase to 27.08 in the implementation phase (p-value <0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the phases regarding mortality rate and length of ICU stay. Conclusions: The implementation of a unified pharmaceutical care pathway improved the detection of DRPs in ICU patients.