Quantum cascade lasers: 20 years of challenges

被引:424
作者
Vitiello, Miriam Serena [1 ,2 ]
Scalari, Giacomo [3 ]
Williams, Benjamin [4 ]
De Natale, Paolo [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] CNR Ist Nanosci, NEST, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[2] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
[3] ETH, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[4] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[5] Ist Nazl Ott CNR, INO, I-50125 Florence Fi, Italy
[6] European Lab Nonlinear Spect, LENS, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Fi, Italy
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCY-COMB; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; ELECTRONIC TEMPERATURES; INTRINSIC LINEWIDTH; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; NARROW-LINEWIDTH; PHASE-LOCKING; NITROUS-OXIDE;
D O I
10.1364/OE.23.005167
中图分类号
O43 [光学];
学科分类号
070207 ; 0803 ;
摘要
We review the most recent technological and application advances of quantum cascade lasers, underlining the present milestones and future directions from the Mid-infrared to the Terahertz spectral range. Challenges and developments, which are the subject of the contributions to this focus issue, are also introduced. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
引用
收藏
页码:5167 / 5182
页数:16
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