Cascade FOPI-FOPTID controller with energy storage devices for AGC performance advancement of electric power systems

Due to the increasing and variable load demands, fluctuations occurring in the performance of AGC is a major issue regarding power system (PS) frequency stability. To deal with the problem, new and intelligent control strategy as well as energy storage devices (ESD) are obligatory. Hence, a novel cascade fractional order pro-portional integral (FOPI)-FO proportional tilt integral derivative (FOPI-FOPTID) controller with ESD like superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and redox flow battery (RFB) is suggested in this paper to stabilize the frequency and tie-line power variations in PS. Parameters of the controller are adjusted by utilizing global neighbourhood algorithm (GNA). Initially, a single-area nuclear power plant is scrutinized dispassionately and then to indicate the quality and scalability of the methodology, the investigation is directed to a single-area hydro-nuclear/hydro-nuclear-gas and two-area hydro-nuclear/hydro-nuclear-gas power systems. The sover-eignty of the methodology is recognized by equating the results with ant colony optimization (ACO) optimized PID and GNA optimized PID/FOPID/FOPI-FOPID control strategies. Examination of results confirms the superior recital of FOPI-FOPTID over other controllers concerning tiniest error criteria and overshoot/undershoot/settling time of frequencies/tie-line power fluctuations at disturbance. Inspecting the impact of ESD on the results reveals that the consolidation of SMES/RFB in PS offers advanced system performance. Additionally, robustness analysis authenticates the robust conduct of controller under +/- 25% variation of system parameters.