Evacuation simulation considering the heterogeneity of pedestrian under terrorist attacks

In recent years, various types of terrorist attacks have become a great threat to crowd safety and society stability. In this paper, evacuation of heterogeneous pedestrians including rational in-dividuals and herding occupants under the terrorist attack is investigated by an extended floor field model. Evacuation time and casualties in different scenarios are analyzed. The results show that pedestrians need to maintain a proper escape intention to the exit when avoiding the terrorist. The herding behavior has negative effect on evacuation, which is likely to cause large casualties. The existence of rational pedestrian is conducive to the evacuation of herding occu-pants in a mixed crowd. Due to the typical escape pattern of pedestrians under the terrorist attack, the evacuation performance is better when the exit is in the middle than at the corner. Moreover, the positive influence of large exit width on evacuation is also constrained. Both the number of terrorist and their speed have a significant impact on pedestrian death. Furthermore, pedestrian casualties are also closely related to the initial positions of terrorists.