Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms

被引：90

作者：

Gerkin, Richard C. ^{[1
]}

Ohla, Kathrin ^{[2
]}

Veldhuizen, Maria G. ^{[3
]}

Joseph, Paule, V ^{[4
,5
,6
]}

Kelly, Christine E. ^{[7
]}

Bakke, Alyssa J. ^{[8
]}

Steele, Kimberley E. ^{[6
,9
]}

Farruggia, Michael C. ^{[10
]}

Pellegrino, Robert ^{[11
]}

Pepino, Marta Y. ^{[12
]}

Bouysset, Cedric ^{[13
]}

Soler, Graciela M. ^{[14
,15
]}

Pereda-Loth, Veronica ^{[16
]}

Dibattista, Michele ^{[17
]}

Cooper, Keiland W. ^{[18
]}

Croijmans, Ilja ^{[19
]}

Di Pizio, Antonella ^{[20
]}

Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan ^{[21
]}

Fjaeldstad, Alexander W. ^{[22
]}

Lin, Cailu ^{[21
]}

Sandell, Mari A. ^{[23
]}

Singh, Preet B. ^{[24
]}

Brindha, V. Evelyn ^{[25
]}

Olsson, Shannon B. ^{[26
]}

Saraiva, Luis R. ^{[27
]}

Ahuja, Gavin ^{[28
]}

Alwashahi, Mohammed K. ^{[29
]}

Bhutani, Surabhi ^{[30
]}

D'Errico, Anna ^{[31
]}

Fornazieri, Marco A. ^{[32
]}

Golebiowski, Jerome ^{[13
]}

Dar Hwang, Liang ^{[33
]}

ozturk, Lina ^{[3
]}

Roura, Eugeni ^{[34
]}

Spinelli, Sara ^{[35
]}

Whitcroft, Katherine L. ^{[36
]}

Faraji, Farhoud ^{[37
]}

Fischmeister, Florian Ph S. ^{[38
]}

Heinbockel, Thomas ^{[39
]}

Hsieh, Julien W. ^{[40
]}

Huart, Caroline ^{[41
]}

Konstantinidis, Iordanis ^{[42
]}

Menini, Anna ^{[43
]}

Morini, Gabriella ^{[44
]}

Olofsson, Jonas K. ^{[45
]}

Philpott, Carl M. ^{[46
]}

Pierron, Denis ^{[16
]}

Shields, Vonnie D. C. ^{[47
]}

Voznessenskaya, Vera V. ^{[48
]}

Albayay, Javier ^{[49
]}

机构：

[1] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA

[2] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM3, Julich, Germany

[3] Mersin Univ, Dept Anat, Yenisehir Mersin, Turkey

[4] NINR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[5] NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA

[6] NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[7] AbScent, Andover, Hants, England

[8] Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[9] NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[10] Yale Univ, Interdept Neurosci Program, New Haven, CT USA

[11] Univ Tennessee, Dept Food Sci, Knoxville, TN USA

[12] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[13] Univ Cote Azur, UMR CNRS 7272, Inst Chim Nice, Nice, France

[14] Grp Estudio Olfato & Gusto GEOG, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[15] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[16] Univ Toulouse, Med Evolut UMR5288, Toulouse, France

[17] Univ Bari A Moro, Dept Basic Med Sci Neurosci & Sense Organs, Bari, Italy

[18] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Irvine, CA USA

[19] Univ Utrecht, Dept Psychol, Utrecht, Netherlands

[20] Tech Univ Munich, Leibniz Inst Food Syst Biol, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany

[21] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[22] Reg Hosp West Jutland, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Flavour Clin, Holstebro, Denmark

[23] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Nutr, Helsinki, Finland

[24] Univ Oslo, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Surg & Oral Med, Oslo, Norway

[25] Karunya Inst Technol & Sci, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

[26] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

[27] Sidra Med, Res Branch, Doha, Qatar

[28] Indraprastha Inst Informat Technol, Computat Biol, New Delhi, India

[29] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Surg, ENT Div, Muscat, Oman

[30] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[31] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Cellular & Mol Neurobiol, Frankfurt, Germany

[32] Univ Estadual Londrina, Clin Surg, Londrina, Parana, Brazil

[33] Univ Queensland, Diamantina Inst, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia

[34] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Ctr Nutr & Food Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia

[35] Univ Florence, Dept Agr Food Environm & Forestry DAGRI, Florence, Italy

[36] UCL, Ear Inst, London, England

[37] Univ Calif San Diego Hlth, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dept Surg, La Jolla, CA USA

[38] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Dept Psychol, Graz, Austria

[39] Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat, Washington, DC USA

[40] Geneva Univ Hosp, Rhinol Olfactol Unit, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Geneva, Switzerland

[41] Clin Univ St Luc, ENT Dept, Brussels, Belgium

[42] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hosp, ORL Dept, Thessaloniki, Greece

[43] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, SISSA, Neurosci Area, Trieste, Italy

[44] Univ Gastron Sci, Pollenzo, Italy

[45] Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, Stockholm, Sweden

[46] Univ East Anglia, Norfolk Smell & Taste Clin, Norwich Med Sch, Norwich, Norfolk, England

[47] Towson Univ, Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Biol Sci Dept, Towson, MD USA

[48] RAS, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia

[49] Univ Padua, Dept Gen Psychol, Padua, Italy

[50] Biruni Univ, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Zeytinburnu Istanbul, Turkey

来源：

CHEMICAL SENSES | 2021年 / 46卷

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院; 奥地利科学基金会; 以色列科学基金会;

关键词：

anosmia; chemosensory; coronavirus; hyposmia; olfactory; prediction; HEALTH; IDENTIFICATION; QUALITY;

D O I：

10.1093/chemse/bjaa081

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];

学科分类号：

03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19-; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean +/- SD, C19+: -82.5 +/- 27.2 points; C19-: -59.8 +/- 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for similar to 50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings <= 2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.

引用

页数：12

共 34 条

[1]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Commercial Laboratory Seroprevalence Surveys

[2] Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID-19 outbreak [J].