Targeting Cytokine Signals to Enhance γδT Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy

gamma delta T cells represent a small percentage of T cells in circulation but are found in large numbers in certain organs. They are considered to be innate immune cells that can exert cytotoxic functions on target cells without MHC restriction. Moreover, gamma delta T cells contribute to adaptive immune response via regulating other immune cells. Under the influence of cytokines, gamma delta T cells can be polarized to different subsets in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current understanding of antigen recognition by gamma delta T cells, and the immune regulation mediated by gamma delta T cells in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, we depicted the polarization and plasticity of gamma delta T cells in the presence of different cytokines and their combinations, which provided the basis for gamma delta T cell-based cancer immunotherapy targeting cytokine signals.