Methylation Pattern Mediated by m6A Regulator and Tumor Microenvironment Invasion in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background. Recent research has established the existence of epigenetic modulation of the immune response. The possible involvement of RNA-n6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) alteration in tumor microenvironment (TME) cell invasion, on the other hand, is unknown. Methods. Based on 23 m(6)A regulators, we examined the alteration patterns of m(6)A in 629 LUAD tissues and comprehensively connected these modification patterns with TME cell invasion characteristics. The m(6)A score was calculated, and the m(6)A modification pattern of a single tumor was quantified using principal component analysis. Then, we further verified the expression of m(6)A related enzymes and the role hub gene (NOL10) closely related to survival in lung cancer cell lines. Results. Three separate m(6)A alteration modes have been discovered. TME cell invasion characteristics in the three modes were very similar to the three immunological phenotypes of tumors: immunological rejection, immunological inflammation, and immunological desert. We show that assessing the m(6)A modification pattern in a single tumor may help predict tumor inflammatory stage, subtype, TME interstitial activity, and prognosis. TME phenotypic inflammation is indicated by a high m(6)A score, which is characterized by elevated mutation load and immunological activation. The low m(6)A subtype showed matrix activation and ineffective immune infiltration, indicating that the TME phenotype of noninflammation and immunological rejection had a poor survival probability. Increased neoantigen burden was also linked to a high m(6)A score. Patients with a higher m(6)A score saw substantial therapeutic and clinical improvements. And reducing hub gene NOL10 expression substantially inhibited lung cancer cell growth and migration. Conclusions. This research shows that m(6)A alteration is critical in the creation of TME variety and complexity. The analysis of a single tumor's m(6)A alteration pattern will aid in improving our knowledge of TME invasion features and guiding more effective immunotherapy tactics.