Mechanical Surface Modification of Lithium Metal: Towards Improved Li Metal Anode Performance by Directed Li Plating

The effect of mechanical surface modification on the performance of lithium (Li) metal foil electrodes is systematically investigated. The applied micro-needle surface treatment technique for Li metal has various advantages. 1) This economical and efficient technique is able to cover a wide range of surface area with a simple rolling process, which can be easily conducted. 2) This technique achieves improved rate capability and cycling stability, as well as a reduced interfacial resistance. The micro-needle treatment improves the rate capability by 20% (0.750 mAh at a rate of 7C) and increases the cycling stability by 200% (85% of the initial discharge capacity after 150 cycles) compared to untreated bare Li metal (0.626 mAh at a rate of 7C, 85% of the initial discharge capacity after only 70 cycles). 3) This technique efficiently suppresses Li formation of high surface area Li during the Li deposition process, as preferred sites for controlled Li plating are generated.